Python 内建类型，操作符，函数

 参见 Python Manual, Built-in Types


boolean False:

• None
• False
• zero of any numeric type, for example, 0, 0L, 0.0, 0j.
• any empty sequence, for example, '', (), [].
• any empty mapping, for example, {}.
• instances of user-defined classes, if the class defines a __nonzero__() or __len__() method, when that method returns the integer zero or bool value False. 

 逻辑操作

Operation	Result
x or y	if x is false, then y, else x
x and y	if x is false, then x, else y
not x	if x is false, then True, else False

比较操作

Operation	Meaning
<	strictly less than
<=	less than or equal
>	strictly greater than
>=	greater than or equal
==	equal
!=	not equal
is	object identity
is not	negated object identity

数值操作

Operation	Result
x + y	sum of x and y
x - y	difference of x and y
x * y	product of x and y
x / y	quotient of x and y，和 c 中含义相同 16/3=5
x // y	(floored) quotient of x and y， equal to / when x and y are integers
x % y	remainder of x / y
-x	x negated
+x	x unchanged
abs(x)	absolute value or magnitude of x
int(x)	x converted to integer
long(x)	x converted to long integer
float(x)	x converted to floating point
complex(re,im)	a complex number with real part re, imaginary part im. im defaults to zero.
c.conjugate()	conjugate of the complex number c. (Identity on real numbers)
divmod(x, y)	the pair (x // y, x % y)
pow(x, y)	x to the power y
x ** y	x to the power y

>>> 16 // 3
5
>>> 16 %3
1
>>> 16/3
5
>>> 16.0 /3
5.333333333333333
>>> 16.0//3
5.0
>>> 

Operation	Result
math.trunc(x)	x truncated to Integral
round(x[, n])	x rounded to n digits, rounding half to even. If n is omitted, it defaults to 0.
math.floor(x)	the greatest integral float <= x
math.ceil(x)	the least integral float >= x

位操作

x | y	bitwise or of x and y
x ^ y	bitwise exclusive or of x and y
x & y	bitwise and of x and y
x << n	x shifted left by n bits
x >> n	x shifted right by n bits
~x	the bits of x inverted

序列类型 str, unicode, list, tuple, buffer, xrange

Operation	Result
x in s	True if an item of s is equal to x, else False
x not in s	False if an item of s is equal to x, else True
s + t	the concatenation of s and t
s * n, n * s	n shallow copies of s concatenated
s[i]	i‘th item of s, origin 0
s[i:j]	slice of s from i to j, half open [i,j)
s[i:j:k]	slice of s from i to j with step k
len(s)	length of s
min(s)	smallest item of s
max(s)	largest item of s

str 的操作也是有必要熟悉的。